Last modified: 2024-05-11 by olivier touzeau
Keywords: basque country | pais vasco | euskadi | comunidad autonoma del país vasco | euskal autonomia erkidegoa | ikurrina | cross (white) | cross: saltire (green) | cross: saint andrew | hegoalde | euskal her |
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![[Basque Country (Spain)]](../images/e/es-pv.gif)
14:25 
Flag of Basque country - image by Jaume Ollé, 5 Jan 2001
Flag adopted 19th October 1936, readopted 18 December 1978
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Originally, in a field of 500 cm by 280 cm, the crosses had a width of 20 cm. Since 1936, with the same field, the crosses were enlarged to 43 cm width, to make them more visible, in particular the green one.
Xabier Ormaetxea, 09 Jul 1995
Last night CBC ran a special documentary on the Basque activities. Lots of scenes of the Ikurriña. In almost every view of it, the dimensions were considerably shorter than that shown above. I would guess it was generally 2:3, not the official nearly 1:2.
Rob Raeside, 07 Apr 1998
Some corrections to the information about the Decree of October 19th 1936, regarding the flag. This Decree established 0,20 metres as the width of the arms of the crosses. Another Decree of October 24th (published October 28th) corrected the former and established the measures as of 0,43 metres, leaving the other measures untouched.
Antonio Gutiérrez, 10 Dec 1999
The dimensions of the flag were established by Decree of 19 October 1936 and modified by Decree of 24 October 1936, the proportion was 14:25. This was confirmed by the General Basque Council on 18 December 1978, published 15 January 1979. In the Official Bulletin of the Basque Country of 26 October 1999 was published a regulation on the colours – previously unregulated – and proportions:
Jaume Ollé, 05 Jan 2001
The Basque flag was created in 1894 by Sabino Arana (founder of Basque nationalism), and the name of the flag is Ikurriña, although the meaning of this word is "flag." Actually, it is used only for the Basque flag: Basque people prefer to use the Spanish word bandera for the other flags when they are speaking in Basque.
The Ikurriña was created only for Bizkaia (Biscay, a region of Euskadi), but it became very popular and the rest of the Basque regions (4 in Spain and 3 in France) accepted it as the flag of the whole Euskadi. In the beginning only the Basque Nationalist Party (founded by Sabino Arana in 31 July 1895) used it, but during the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939) all democratic parties accepted it. In 1936 the Basque Autonomous Government (whose Lehendakari – president – was José Antonio Agirre) was created, with representation of all the democratic parties, and the Ikurriña was declared by law the Basque flag. After the Spanish war, the dictatorship (1936-1975) declared the Ikurriña to be illegal, and it was totally forbidden and declared a separatist symbol. During the Second World War, there was a Basque brigade in the French free army, and the Ikurriña of the brigade was condecorated (because of the battle of Point de Grave, near Bordeaux). After the dictatorship and with the approval of the Basque Autonomous Community, the Ikurriña was declared again by law as the official Basque flag. In the Basque areas of France it has always been allowed and after the Second World War has been officially used in the town halls together with the French flag.
Xabier Ormaetxea, 09 Aug 1995
The Ikurriña celebrated its centenary on 14 July 1994. The Ikurriña is the symbol of the Basques of Euskadi (under Spanish rule), Iparralde (under French rule), Navarre (under Spanish-French rule) and foreign residents in America, Europe and Australia (the Ikurriña is in the flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon). The flag was hoisted for the first time by the Arana Goiri brothers and 56 friends, in the nationalist house named "Euskaldun Batzokija" in Bilbao on 14 July 1894. This was a great event for the Basque people, who had no flag tradition.
Source: Alderdi, no 55 (publication of the Basque Nationalist Party).
I found this page at the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (EAJ/PNV) website, with an image of the original notes and drawings [dead link] made by the Arana brothers when they designed the Ikurriña (as the flag of the Biscay branch of the Nationalist Basque Party alone), including a long version of the flag intended for hanging (on balconies etc.).
Santiago Dotor, 10 Dec 1999
The ikurriña was designed by the Biscay brothers Sabino and Luis Arana for the province of Biscay, and it derives from the Biscay coat-of-arms (the red field is from the ancient Biscay flag, the white cross from the argent cross of the coat-of-arms [which shows behind the tree] and the green saltire from the tree).
Antonio Gutiérrez, 14 Dec 1999
It seems the Basque flag was not designed by Sabino Arana, but by his brother Luis. He designed a different flag for every Basque province, and left for a while the Basque Nationalist Party when they decided to adopt the ikurriña as the single Basque flag, rejecting the other ones. Source: Jon Juaristi, El Bucle Melancólico, about the birth of Basque nationalism.
Ismael Barba, 11 Jan 2000
![[Basque Country (Spain), unidentified]](../images/e/es-pv_s.gif)
N.B. This is no official flag; the Basque government uses the undefaced Basque flag; the official coat-of-arms has different colours and a plain red fourth quarter.
image by Dave Martucci
On a news report a few hours ago about the Basque country (Societe Radio-Canada), there was an interview with the autonomous Basque Country's (Spain) president. Behind him was the Basque flag defaced in the center with a coat of arms. Of course, the flag was around a pole, so I wasn't able to fully see them. I could well distinguish the right part of the shield (the part in the fly), though. The shield was surrounded by green leaves that didn't touch at the top (laurel leaves?). The top of the right part of the shield consisted of a tree in natural colors (brown trunk and green leaves) with some other small details and the lower quarter was the Navarre arms (red with yellow chains crossed in a star-like pattern). Does anybody know if this flag is the presidential standard?
Luc-Vartan Baronian, 09 Mar 1998
I seem to recall having seen a flag at an Eusko Jaurlaritza / Gobierno Vasco (Basque autonomous government) press conference displaying the coat-of-arms – certainly with the fourth plain red quarter. I ignore whether such use was ever officially sanctioned and if so at what date. I have never seen the Basque coat-of-arms displaying Navarre as the fourth quarter – though it might have been used before the Constitutional Court's ruling on the subject. Unofficial flags used by the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (EAJ/PNV), for instance, show the whole Zazpiak Bat with all six quarters, including of course Navarre.
If Luc Baronian did see the Basque Lehendakari (President) with the flag including the arms of Navarre on television in 1998, it might imply that the Basque Government uses an illegal flag on foreign appearances and offices. It may also happen that the Lehendakari was speaking as an EAJ/PNV leader rather than as the Basque President. Finally, maybe he saw an interview with the PNV president, who is not the same as the Basque President even if they belong to the same party, in which case he might have used whatever unofficial flag he liked.
Santiago Dotor, 09 Dec 1999
Initially this flag (with the current coat-of-arms) appeared in the SEV website, but it was later removed, leaving only the plain one (i.e. without Arms) following the advice of Juan José González, a Basque vexillologist, who assured me such a flag has no official status. I think the official flag does not display the coat-of-arms. I have never seen such a flag waving in any official building of the Basque Country [Autonomous] Government, and there is no legislation making this flag official.
Antonio Gutiérrez, 10 Dec 1999
Everytime I watch a Basque Government meeting report in television, I have seen that flag [with coat-of-arms], and always with a plain [red] fourth quarter. As far as I know the shield is added frequently for ceremonial purposes (basically important governmental events) but no law about this has been made. In fact the coat-of-arms is only used in a few score of times in limited occasions.
Jaume Ollé, 15 Dec 1999
![[Basque Country (Spain), unidentified]](../misc/es-pv!.jpg)
In an article titled "Basque nationalist flag banned in Navarre," that deals with "war of flags in the Basque territories" there is a photo with the text: "Picture of woman holding the nationalist flag of the Spanish Basque province of Bizkaia." However, the flag seems more like the Ikurriña "Unidentified Flag" depicted above, i.e. the Ikurriña defaced with the Basque Country CoA. But this flag of the photo has a different design of the CoA and some words, which last one is "Euskadi." The photo can be seen, with the article, at navarre.org.
Francisco Santos, 10 May 2003
![[Basque Country (Spain), unidentified]](../misc/es-pv-06.jpg)
In a Yahoo News slideshow, there is a picture (#22) of "President of the Basque regional government Juan Jose Ibarretxe seen during a meeting with his cabinet members in the northern Spanish Basque city of Vitoria." (Yahoo News (from AFP) 23 March 2006). The flag behind him appears to be Luc's UFE from 1998.
This is the Ikurrin~a with a coat of arms. So this flag is used either by the regional government, or by the president of this government. The arms differ very slightly from Martucci's illustration: the small saltires in the bordure of the 2nd quarter are red, and there is a yellow background to the 3rd quarter. The first quarter is impossible to see, and the fourth quarter is clearly Navarre (our page includes information about how a plain red fourth quarter is used in the Spanish Basque country.
Dean McGee, 23 Mar 2006
![[Basque Country (Spain), unidentified]](../images/e/es-pv_u4.gif)
image by Jaume Ollé and James Dignan, 20 Jul 2010
The Tour de France cyclists passed an unusual version of the Ikkurina today. It was your standard Basque flag, red with the UJ-like white cross/green saltire combination, but in the centre of the white cross was a small red shield. Unfortunately I couldn't see what was in the shield, but it appeared to be mainly red in colour and was a sharply-pointed shape. Anyone any idea what this flag may have represented? Navarre?
James Dignan, 20 Jul 2010
![[Basque Country (Spain), unidentified]](../images/e/es-pv_u5.gif)
image by Jaume Ollé and Eugene Ipavec, 21 Aug 2010
I was watching the tour this afternoon and saw a flag I hadn't seen before, one of which I can't find any information on: a Basque flag, but in consisted mainly of stripes (I think red and gold) with the Basque flag in the canton.
N. Smith, 20 Jul 2010