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Dictionary of Vexillology: W (Whaling Flags – Wyvern)

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WHALING (or WHALER’S) FLAGS/PENNANTS
WHEATSHEAF
WHEEL CROSS
WHEEL OF ST. CATHERINE
WHEFT
WHIP PENNANT
WHIPTAIL
WHITE ENSIGN
WHITE FLAG
WIDTH
WIDTH ACROSS
WIGWAG
WIMPEL
WIND (WINDSURF or WINDSURFING) DANGER FLAG (or PENNANT)
WIND VANE
WINDMILL
WINDSOCK (or WINDCONE)
WING(S)
WINGLESS DRAGON
WING MARKING(S)
WOLFTEETH (WOLF-TEETH or WOLF’S TEETH)
WOLF-TRAP (or WOLF IRON or WOLF HOOK)
WORSHIP PENNANT
WREATH
WREATH OF IMMORTELLES
WYN
WYVERN

WHALING (or WHALER'S) FLAGS/PENNANTS

In US usage, now obsolete, those flags or pennants flown by vessels engaged in the commercial pursuit of whales (see also house flag 1)).

US Whaling Flags/Pennants, 19th century

WHEATSHEAF

In heraldry see ‘garbe’.

Flag and Arms of Horní Bludovice, Czechia

WHEEL CROSS

See ‘sun cross’ (also ‘celtic cross’).

Flag of the Nordiska Rikspartiet, Sweden

WHEEL OF ST. CATHERINE

See ‘St. Catherine's Wheel’.

Flag and Arms of Nozdrzec, Poland

WHEFT

See ‘waft’.

WHIP PENNANT

1) See ‘masthead pennant 2)’.

2) See ‘wimpel’.

Whip/Masthead Pennant of Chile

WHIPTAIL

In United States naval usage, a colloquial term for the commission pennant – see ‘masthead pennant 1)’.

Commission Pennant, US (Sea Flags)

WHITE ENSIGN

1) In British maritime usage the ensign now worn by all vessels of the Royal Navy, over naval establishments, and by the Royal Yacht Squadron – but see 2) below (also ‘blue ensign 1)’ ‘naval ensign’ under ‘ensign’, ‘red ensign 1)’ and ‘St George’s ensign’).
2) In English then British RN usage, now obsolete (and largely – but not exclusively – dependent upon the rank of the admiral in command), the second senior of three alternative ensigns carried (undefaced) by a warship until 1864 – see ‘blue ensign 2)’, ‘red ensign 2)’, ‘yellow admiral’ and the notes below.
3) Generically, any canton flag (either plain or defaced) with a white field – particularly (but not exclusively) if flown at sea – a British-style ensign (see also ‘blue ensign 3)’, ‘canton flag 1)’, ‘deface’, ‘red ensign 3)’).

White Ensign c1630–1702, England; White Ensign, UK; War Ensign, Singapore.

Notes
a) With regard to 1), the term may also be applied to any British ensign with a white field.
b) Regarding 2), before 1864 an Admiral’s seniority was outwardly displayed by the colour of his command flag and by the ensigns flown by any ships under his command – the junior colour being blue, the next white and the senior red – however, in 1864 this colour system was abolished, and thereafter all flag officers flew a white command flag from the appropriate masthead where applicable, and all Royal Naval ships the white ensign (see also‘distinction of colour’ and ‘flag of command 1)’).
c) In addition the ensigns worn within a fleet could be arbitrarily changed (if the tactical situation required it) by order of the Flag Officer in overall command of that fleet irrespective of the grade held by any of his subordinate admirals.

Flag of The British Antarctic Territories; Commissioner's flag, Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses, UK

WHITE FLAG

See ‘flag of truce’ (also ‘dinner flag’).

WIDTH

1) That dimension of a flag which is measured vertically from its upper to its lower edge – the height (see also ‘Appendix I’, ‘fly’, ‘hoist’, ‘length’).

2) The narrower or shorter dimension of a stripe or band within a flag – howsoever orientated (see also ‘stripe’).

3) The vertical height of an emblem, arms, shield, charge or badge when it appears on a flag – but see the note below, ‘height’ and ‘width across’ (also ‘badge’, ‘charge’, ‘emblem’ 'establishment of arms', ‘shield’).

Please note that definition 3) is given with regard to the consistent use of proportions when describing a flag and its charges, however, it is suggested that when giving the actual dimensions of any such charge the word ‘height’ should be used for its vertical measurement and the phrase ‘width across’ for its horizontal size (see also ‘dimensions’ and ‘proportions’).

WIDTH ACROSS

The horizontal measurement of an emblem, shield, charge or badge when detailing the dimensions – but see ‘width 3)’ (also ‘dimensions’, ‘height’, ‘proportions’).

WIGWAG (or WIG-WAG)

In largely US usage, a system of signalling, now obsolete, in which a single flag was waved according to an established code, and based upon the direction of the arches made by the flag (see also ‘Morse code signalling with flags’ and ‘semaphore’).

Vessel Flag of the Army Signal Corps, US (showing a pair of Wig-Wag Flags)

WIMPEL

1) A usually streamer-like pennant in national/livery colours and/or a sometimes simplified charge, that is flown in place of a national or other flag to avoid the appearance of an empty flag pole – especially popular in Northern Europe and Scandinavia but increasingly used in the UK – a vlaggenstok wimpel, national pennant/wimpel or flagpole pennant – but see 2) below, ‘provincial wimpel’ and ‘union pennant’ (also ‘charge’, ‘flüger’ ‘livery colours’, ‘national colours 2)’, ‘national flag’, ‘flag pole’).
2) In largely Dutch usage as above, but also sometimes flown (on the same flagpole) in addition to the national flag to express loyalty to a particular municipality/region, or to the House of Orange – for example, a long orange streamer is often flown with the Dreikleur if a member of the Royal Family is present (see also ‘dreikleur’).

The Wimpel/National Pennant of Denmark

Please note that this term (or slight variations thereof) means pennant or streamer in several European languages, but has been adopted into English language vexillology in this context – and with the meaning given above – only. In Danish and Swedish it is a "vimpel", in Finnish "viiri".

WIND (WINDSURF or WINDSURFING) DANGER FLAG (or PENNANT)

See ‘beach flag’.

Windsurfing Danger Flag and Wind Danger Pennant, France

WIND VANE

See ‘vane 3)’.

WINDMILL

A building or device for the harnessing of the wind to create power for the grinding of cereals or for other purposes (see also ‘scoop wheel’ and ‘waterwheel’).

Flag of Monsanto, Portugal; Flag of Eddelak, Germany; Flag of Ostaszewo, Poland

WINDSOCK (or WINDCONE)

1) A flag-shaped like a sleeve, attached at the open end to a ring and pole, and partially closed at the other – characteristic of traditional societies and modern Japan (see also ‘draco’, ‘dragon flag’ and ‘ring’).

2) As above and generally brightly coloured, but usually fully open at the fly end, tapered and used at airports (largely) to indicate wind direction.

WING(S)

In heraldry see displayed 1), vol, volant.

State Flag of Śląskie, Poland; Flag of Izola, Slovenia; Flag of Tvedestrand, Norway

WINGLESS DRAGON

In Oriental (particularly but not exclusively Chinese) usage, a mythological creature which was (and is) symbolic of – amongst other things – wisdom, power and strength – see imperial dragon flag (also dragon)

State Flag/Naval Ensign c1895, China; National Flag of Bhutan

Please note that the concept of a wingless dragon was not entirely unknown in pre-heraldic Europe – see draco and dragon flag 1).

WING MARKING(S)

1) The term that should be used to describe a fuselage marking when it is displayed upon the wing (or wings) of a military aircraft – see ‘fuselage marking’ (also ‘aircraft marking(s)’, ‘roundel 1)’, ‘fin flash’).
2) See ‘roundel 1)’.

Wing Markings: The Netherlands, Chile, Cambodia

WOLFTEETH (WOLF-TEETH or WOLF’S TEETH)

1) On flags, in largely (but not exclusively) Hungarian and other central/eastern European usage, a band of inward pointing, connected triangles either curved, wavy or straight-sided and forming a border on one, two, three or four sides of a flag – shark’s teeth, a triangle or triangular border or a border of triangles or zigzag border (see also 'border', 'flammulets' and ‘serrated’).

2) In European heraldry, a charge formed by a series of generally curved triangles issuing from the edges of a shield or banner of arms.

3) The term may also be applied where the fly edge of a flag is saw-toothed as illustrated below.

Government Official Afloat, Austria; Coat of arms (Westkingdom); The Flag of District XIII Budapest, Hungary

Please note with regard to 1) that the term wolfteeth (or its alternatives) should only apply to a border where the triangular charges face inward as shown above, and that when those charges face both inward and outward the correct term is flammulets.

WOLF-TRAP (or WOLF IRON or WOLF HOOK)

In continental European (particularly German) heraldry the variously detailed representation of a device for snaring animals of that name – a charge, as far as can be discovered, unknown in English heraldry – but see the note below.

Flag of Dinklage, Germany; Flag of Wiefelstede, Germany; Flag of Vechta, Germany

Please note that these charges (in general) depict only parts of the device in question, and that there seems to be very little (if any) difference in appearance between those traps intended to catch animals and those designed to snare humans, with the original German blazon not drawing a distinction between the two (as that on the flag shown below).

Flag of Erwitte, Germany

WORSHIP PENNANT

See ‘church pennant’ and its following note.

Jewish Worship Pennant, US

WREATH

1) On flags, two semi-circular crossed branches of varying types of intertwined or plain foliage with or without flowers, that are often tied with a ribbon at their crossing point and generally split at the top but see ‘garland 2)’ (also ‘crossed branches 1)’, ‘garland 1)’ and ‘panicles’).

2) In heraldry, a twisted band usually in the livery colours of a shield, generally placed on top of the helmet and below the crest in a full set of armorial bearings – a torse (see also ‘Appendix IV’, ‘armorial bearings’, ‘coat of arms’, 'crest 1)', ‘helm’, ‘livery colours 1), ‘military crest’ and ‘shield’).

National Arms of Guatemala; Flag of Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France; National Arms of Dominican Republic

Please note that a circlet composed of foliage is called a chaplet, garland or orle in heraldry – see garland 1) (also civic crown 2) and crown triumphal).

WREATH OF IMMORTELLES

The silver replica of a laurel garland – or crown triumphal – placed at the head of the colour pike or staff of certain British and Canadian regiments in commemoration of particular distinction in action – see crown triumphal (also colour 2), colours 2), garland, pike and staff 2).

WYN

The exact details are conjectural, but considered to be have been either an alternative term, now obsolete, for a lance pennon or vane (see also ‘pennon 2)’ and ‘vane 1)’).

WYVERN

In heraldry see ‘dragon’ and its following note.

Flag of Trégor, France

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