Last modified: 2013-11-20 by german editorial team
Keywords: hesse | hessen | people's state of hesse | volksstaat hessen | coat of arms |
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![[Civil Ensign 1923-1935 (Hesse, Germany)]](../images/d/de~he_c.gif)
1:2 | stripes 1+1+1 | 
by Santiago Dotor
Flag adopted 5th July 1923, abolished 1935
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In 1918 the republic was proclaimed in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, and the new constitution approved on 12 December 1919.
Jaume Ollé, 17 July 1996
The service flag was red-white-red (1:2:1) with the Land's coat-of-arms in the middle (this was essentially the old civil ensign). Used from 5th July 1923 to 1933.
Jaume Ollé, modified by Mario Fabretto, 24 August 1998
1:2 | stripes 1+1+1 |
by Santiago Dotor
Flag adopted 5th July 1923, abolished 1935
The civil ensign was red-white-red (1:1:1). Used from 5th July 1923 to 1933.
Jaume Ollé, modified by Mario Fabretto, 24 August 1998
The correction (Deckblatt or 'cover sheet') no.52 dated 1928 to the Flaggenbuch 1926 added the Hesse Handelsflagge or civil ensign (which did not appear previously in the book) as a red-white-red flag with proportions 1:2. (...) I wonder why did this non-seafaring state change its flag ratio from 2:3 to 1:2.
Santiago Dotor, 9 April 2001
![[Civil Flag 1919-1935 (Hesse, Germany)]](../images/d/de-hesse.gif)
by Željko Heimer
A horizontal bicolor red-white. In use until 1935. Re-adopted as Landesflagge 1948. Illustrated Pedersen 1970.
Norman Martin, April 1998