History of FOTW

Last modified: 2024-04-06 by rob raeside
Keywords: fotw | bottasini | history |
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image by Mark Sensen

• Summary
• The mailing list
• The Website
• Growth of the website

• Giuseppe Bottasini's thoughts on the origin of FOTW
• Giuseppe Bottasini's thoughts on the origin of FOTW (in Italian)
• The FOTW flag
• FOTW flag proposals
• FOTW Flag Day
• FOTW's application for membership in FIAV
• Vexillologist of the Year
• 20th Anniversary flag

A Summary of all Officers’ Positions

The mailing list was begun as a discussion group of about a dozen people, including Giuseppe Bottasini, Christopher Vance, and Alessio Bragadini, in about September 1993. It soon expanded to include a regular group of about 100 to 150 addresses. Many of the images initially distributed via the mailing list were written in PostScript by Christopher Vance, who maintained the best flag-site on the Internet at the time. The mailing list was initially managed by Giuseppe Bottasini, an engineer from CESI in Milan, until on July 24 1997 it moved to a majordomo list at University of California, Berkeley, managed by Josh Fruhlinger, an MA candidate in Classical History. On 1 August 1998 the mailing list moved to QNET.com, a majordomo list, managed by Edward Mooney, a social studies teacher in Palmdale, Antelope Valley, California. In April 2000, spam found its way through the majordomo list server, and in spite of heroic efforts by Edward, forced a move from the majordomo to eGroups, which was subsequently acquired by YahooGroups, the current host of the mailing list. In January 2000, Ole Andersen, of Copenhagen, Denmark, was appointed assistant list master, and took over full management of the list on 1 August 2000 for a two-year appointment, and he was replaced by Steve Kramer in 2002.  Steve had to relinquish his term in December 2003 due to illness, and was replaced by António Martins-Tuválkin until 1 December 2005, when André Coutanche took over as list master, assisted by Pascal Gross and Jonathan Dixon as apprentice. In March 2007, Pascal had to relinquish his duties as assistant, at which point Jonathan was promoted to assistant, and Ivan Sache came on board for an 8-month stint as apprentice.  On 1 December 2007, André completed his term, as listmaster, Jonathan Dixon took over and Ivan Sache assumed the post of assistant.  Nathan Lamm stepped in as apprentice. The duties on the mailing list continued unabated through the 2009 and 2011 change-overs, with Jan Mertens and Dirk Schönberger being added to the roster.  By the time of the December 2013 change-over, however, we had lost contact with Jan Mertens, so Dirk Schönberger was appointed list master (effective 1 January 2014), and new assistant and apprentice list masters were appointed, Zoltán Horvath and Dean McGee.

Rob Raeside, 1 January 2014

I have taken a look at the number of images sent to the mailing list each year.

* since August 1995

Analysis of data

We may see that the year 2001 set the absolute record in number of files as well as the amount of megabytes and since then we have had a kind of a stagnation - statistically. I leave this for others to explain, but I think that there are still some images (and text) from 2001 that are waiting to be edited.

What is significant, and not obvious in the first glance is the column that I added after some thinking - it shows the average size of a file image posted to the list. We can notice a steady and almost regular tendency. If it were not for the slight disturbance in 1999 the line would be almost regularly straight [up to 2003], and it almost seems that if someone forgot to send something and 1999 and "caught up" in 2000 (must have been the millennium bug):

Also, it is worth to note that the size of the images has practically doubled from 1995 until 2004. I also leave this for others to explain it, except for the obvious - since the size of image file depends on its "complexity", it seems that after we finished with the simpler images we slowly took up with the more complicated ones. 
Željko Heimer, 18 January 2004

The Flags of the World website was created by Giuseppe Bottasini, of Milan, Italy, in the early days of general public access to the Internet (late 1994). Giuseppe initially operated both the website and mailing list from CESI (Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano), until bandwidth pressures resulting from the site's popularity required him to look for a more permanent site. In January 1997 a devastating system crash at CESI forced the immediate move, briefly through an Israeli mirror, to a site at Digibel in Belgium. Giuseppe continued to manage the website, initially assisted by Željko Heimer, who was responsible for ensuring a flag on every page, and who standardized the layout of the pages, the image sizes and palettes and introduced the use of ISO codes for file names. Željko "retired" when he went to do military service in Croatia in late 1997, although he has intermittently remained active as an editor. Rob Raeside took over as assistant, until in June 1998 Giuseppe announced his resignation as director and Rob took over. The website continued to grow, exceeding 100 Mbytes in size in October 2000. In May 2001, the "home site" at Digibel in Belgium closed, and FOTW continued as a dispersed series of mirrors operating in USA, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Germany, and Puerto Rico.

Growth of the Website

* Using 1996 as a base.

Sources:

1. Željko Heimer
2. as shown in the yearly (October) snapshots taken by www.archive.org for the FOTW mirrror www.crwflags.com
3. as shown on the FOTW mirror atlasgeo.span.ch/fotw/ (August)
4. actual number in master copy (August)

Giuseppe Bottasini, 14 September 2011

The data are very interesting and give some clue on the growth of our website. The curves for both numbers of pages and images follow an exponential pattern. An exponential growth can be expected in a biological system when there is no resource limitation, for example when a bacterial population is allowed to grow without space limitation or when a disease epidemics is allowed to spread over an infinite number of susceptible hosts. Excluding the 2003 data, I fitted a simple exponential model to the remaining data, using a linear exponential function and a least square regression method. To be simpler, linearization transformed the original curves into approximated straight lines and regression yielded the straight line which best fit the data. As expected, the goodness-of-fit is high and the exponential model takes into account 96% of the data variability for pages and 97% for images. However, the goodness-of-fit is exaggerated because of the small size of the data set.

Using the regression equations, it is possible to make forecasts of the future growth of our website. This is arithmetically easy but statistically hazardous. One of the first conclusion learned in statistics classes is that a model is not necessarily valid outside its original domain of validation. This is a reality several economists and politicians do not want to hear. Extending my model to year 2003, I would predict 33,472 pages and 67,541 images for the end of the year, whereas Giuseppe's census for mid-2003 was only 19,000 pages and 36,000 images. The big discrepancy between the probable size of our website at the end of 2003 and my prediction clearly indicates that the exponential model is no longer suitable for explaining the growth of our website. In fact, the exponential model is not suitable for most biological systems because if it based on the very strong assumption of unlimited resource. Here, this would mean that the number of flags to be found is infinite. Although there will always be flags we don't show yet, this number shall progressively decrease due to our ferreting, reporting and editing effort. It seems from the data that the growth curve of our website begins to level off, and the most probable shape of the curve is a sigmoid, i.e. an S-shaped curve. The first part of the S corresponds to years 1997-1998 (and probably the earlier years), during which the overall dynamics of our website was fairly slow. Then the dynamics turned to an epidemic process with a nearly constant increase year per rate. We are probably now near the inflexion point of the curve.

To conclude, the overall pattern of the growth curve of pages and images shows that the dynamics of our website has been following a regular and optimal pattern for the last years. Of course, the basic model I have used does not encompass some of the specificities of our dynamics, such as the appearance of new flags (limited renewable resource) and the process of splitting pages when they become too big.
Ivan Sache, 23 August 2003

20th Anniversary flag

On the 20th anniversary of the founding of FOTW, Esteban Rivera suggested the adoption of a bidecadal flag. The following flag contains elements suggested by Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, Pete Loeser, and Clay Moss.

image by Pete Loeser, March 2014

Other suggested flags:

image by Clay Moss

image by Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg